Thursday 8 October 2015

Death to tipping, long live democracy! -チップの習慣に死を、資本主義万歳!-


“{Tips are} democracy’s mortal foe {because they} create a servile attitude for a fee.”
William Scott in “The Itching Palm”, 1916 

Tipping is the custom of paying a gratuity, or extra charge, when purchasing a service.  It is paid directly to the person who has served you, rather than their employer.  The custom is supposed to reward good service, or to top up the wages of employees.  In America, tips are considered an essential part of some workers wages, and they are needed by many restaurant staff to meet their living costs.
Whether tips are paid or not, and how much is expected, varies from country to country.  They are basically unknown in Japan.  It is usual to pay a tip of between 10 and 15 per cent in restaurants and taxis in the UK.  As suggested above, in America, tipping is more common and might be expected for a wider range of services.
But according to a news article I read recently, the custom of tipping might be on the way out. This is because people are using cards and internet banking to pay for many things that they formerly used cash for, and because they make many transactions over the internet rather than in person.  If you ordered your taxi through a phone app, and paid for it using an on-line service like PayPal, how can you tip the driver?
So if the custom of tipping is dying a death from new technology, should we mourn its loss?
I sympathise with lowly paid staff who are reliant on tips to pay their bills, but this could easily be fixed by forcing companies to pay a decent minimum wage.
I also can’t accept the argument that tipping encourages good service.  Believe me, the service in Japan compares very well with that in the US or UK.  I am reminded of an interesting story about a library which demonstrates the limits of using money as a motivating tool.  Every now and then in one library, users would bring the books that they had borrowed back late.  To try to reduce the number of people doing this, the library introduced a fine.  The number of people returning their books late then suddenly rose dramatically.  Before the fine was introduced, people returned the books on time because they felt it was their moral obligation to do so.  After the fine was introduced, the motivation was purely financial.  People no longer felt bad about returning the books late.  The same is probably true in the service industries.  People do a good job when they have pride in their work, rather than when they are offered a tip.
Perhaps surprisingly, tipping has at times had a very bad reputation in the US, where it is most common.  Six different states banned tipping for a while in the early 20th Century and a number of organisations were founded to fight the custom.  These organisations argued that tipping forced an aristocratic relationship upon the person paying and the person accepting the tip.  Thus, it was anti-democratic.  William Scott wrote, “Tipping, and the aristocratic idea it exemplifies, is what we left Europe to escape.  It is a cancer in the breast of democracy.”
Try shouting that to the New York waiter as he chases you down the street for his tip.
 

Vocabulary:
a mortal foe – a deadly enemy
servile – showing an excessive willingness to serve or please others
to top something up – to increase something, like wages, a drink etc. a little beyond the current amount
to be on the way out – to be in terminal decline; to be facing removal, deletion etc.
a transaction – a deal; an instance of buying or selling something
to mourn – to feel or show grief or regret for a death
an obligation – a duty; something you should or must do
aristocratic – upper-class
to exemplify something – to be a strong example of something
 


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